The professions of speech-language pathology and audiology are responsible for the evaluation and treatment of individuals with communicative disorders. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association establishes the national standards for entry into professional practice (www.asha.org). Professional clinicians work with children and adults in the education and health care systems, including public schools, hospitals, and rehabilitation centers. The profession also engages in research designed to improve understanding of communicative disorders and the efficacy of treatments. Research is conducted in clinics, universities, and other settings.

The professions welcome future clinicians with interpersonal communicative skills and an empathy for those who may have communicative difficulties. University preparation consists of education in the normal processes of communication, the nature of communicative disorders, and the clinical processes of evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and counseling. Clinical skills are developed mainly in graduate schools through coursework and practicum experiences. Students may also pursue a research component in a career that includes supervision and teaching at a university.